![]() The interest in vernacular environments, offering the best adapted solutions to local conditions, had already appeared in the 1960s. The settlement of these populations was the result of migrations, conflicts, and alliances throughout time. Alongside these main cultures, other smaller populations, such as the Gouin or the Gan, inhabited isolated territories or intermediate areas. The Marka and Bobo had settled in the Mouhoun (Black Volta) basin and, to the south of these, the Senufo and Lobi lived. The Samo lived to the north of the Gurunsi territories. Between the Nazinon (Red Volta) and the Mouhoun (Black Volta), the generic name Gurunsi grouped populations with similar cultural traits to the west of the Mossi kingdoms: the Lela, Nuna, Ko, Puguli, Sissala, Kassena, Nankani, and Kusasi. Peuhl and Gourmantche populations inhabited the territories to the north and east, respectively. Their domains occupied nearly the entire basin of the Nakambe River (White Volta), up to the Nazinon (Red Volta), either displacing native cultures or coexisting with them through power sharing. ![]() The most widespread culture in the territory was the Mossi, formerly organised with a complex political structure in the kingdoms of Yatenga, Ouagadougou, Koudougou, Tenkodogo and Kaya. Furthermore, regardless of the climatic zone, the landscape of each region varies between the rainy and dry seasons. This results in a generalised savannah landscape that is more like a desert landscape in the north and a humid, sparsely forested tropical zone in the south. The Burkinabè territory is thus divided into three climatic zones defined by the amount of annual rainfall and the temperature regime ( Figure 1). Moreover, as the air masses move in a southeast to northwest direction and vice versa, this alternation occurs progressively, such that the south of the territory, closer to the Atlantic, receives the wet season earlier and enjoys it for longer, while in the north, in the Sahel, the dry season predominates throughout the year. The oscillation and interaction of both masses imply the alternation of two very contrasting seasons: the dry and rainy seasons. Like the rest of the West African region, the territory of Burkina Faso is influenced by two opposing air masses: a cooler, wetter, maritime mass coming from the Atlantic Ocean, and a warmer, drier, continental mass arriving from the Sahara Desert. Finally, a reflection is raised on the evolution of knowledge, its aspirations, potential impact, and usefulness, which could be of use also in other contexts. Furthermore, the review demonstrates the widespread academic and institutional interest in linking the development of the country to its cultural heritage, and the valuable documentation work resulting from this interest. As well as offering an orderly compilation, the analysis traces the history of the existing literature, revealing how its evolution mirrored the progress in vernacular architecture studies in international terms and adopted an increasingly practical approach. ![]() With the objective of providing an integrated overview and identifying thematic trends of current relevance, the literature review involved the collection, comparison, and synthesis of works of different origin, scale, discipline, theme, and intention. ![]() In the context of Burkina Faso, the great variety of issues related to habitat together with the cultural richness of the country, resulted in a complex nucleus of knowledge, the unity of which had not been fully considered. The study of traditional habitats aims to recognise their values and preserve them within the necessary transformations of societies. ![]()
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